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Learning English > English Pronunciation > How to Pronounce -ed in English
 

How to Pronounce -ed in English

The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:

base verb
(v1)		 past simple
(v2)		 past participle
(v3)
work worked worked

In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:

  • I like painted furniture.

The question is: How do we pronounce the -ed?

The answer is: In 3 ways - / Id/ or / t/ or / d/

If the base verb ends in one of these sounds: example base verb*: example
with -ed:		 pronounce
the -ed:		 extra syllable?
unvoiced /t/ want wanted / Id/ yes
voiced /d/ end ended
unvoiced /p/ hope hoped / t/ no
/f/ laugh laughed
/s/ fax faxed
/S/ wash washed
/tS/ watch watched
/k/ like liked
voiced all other sounds,
for example...		 play played / d/
allow allowed
beg begged

* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.

Exceptions

The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/:

  • aged
  • blessed
  • crooked
  • dogged
  • learned
  • naked
  • ragged
  • wicked
  • wretched
 
 

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